The simulation model (fig. 1 a ) assumes that there was a single ancestral population in Africa that gave rise to three descendant populations, which founded modern H. sapiens.
Here the authors argue that a simple out-of-Africa model is also outdated, and that the current state of the evidence favours a structured African
Here the authors argue that a simple out-of-Africa model is also outdated, and that the current state of the evidence favours a structured African
Here, we describe four possible models for the origins of Homo sapiens in Africa based on published literature from paleoanthropology and human genetics. We briefly outline expectations for
An analysis of models of human populations in Africa, using some newly sequenced genomes, finds that human origins in the continent can best be described by a weakly structured
Emerging evidence has challenged the traditional view of a single-region origin for Homo sapiens, suggesting instead that our species arose and diversified across multiple geographically
Different bodies of evidence have been used to support the view that our species evolved within a single ancestral population, which should be traced back to a localized region in Africa.
Broadly speaking, there are two competing hypotheses on the origin of modern humans: the Out-of-Africa hypothesis and the multiregional hypothesis.
Recent African origin of modern humans In paleoanthropology, the recent single-origin hypothesis (RSOH, or Out-of-Africa model, or Replacement Hypothesis), also Recent African Origin (RAO) is
The recent and simple out-of-Africa (SOA) model proposed an expansion out of Africa in the past 100,000 yr from a single region in Africa. Testing these models has undoubtedly improved our
Modern Human Origins?Distinguishing the Models Chris Stringer1 Four models of modern human origins were described and discussed by Aiello (Aiello, L. (1993) American Anthropologist 95: 73-96.
This study examines the capability of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 to replicate temperature and precipitation across eight African sub-regions, as well as their
significant impact on paleoanthropological research,70–72 having long oriented the appraisal of the diversity evident from the available fossil record and providing an evolutionary framework for the
A compromised version of the Out-of-Africa hypothesis emphasizes the African origin of most human populations but allows for the possibility of minor local contributions (Model B).
Understanding the demography of single parenthood in Africa, especially among women, is of importance because single motherhood could be more detrimental within this region,
The scenario of Homo sapiens origin/s within Africa has become increasingly complex, with a pan-African perspective currently challenging the
OverviewHistory of the theoryProposed wavesNorthern Route dispersalSouthern Route dispersalGenetic reconstructionSee alsoSources
The cladistic relationship of humans with the African apes was suggested by Charles Darwin after studying the behaviour of African apes, one of which was displayed at the London Zoo. The anatomist Thomas Huxley had also supported the hypothesis and suggested that African apes have a close evolutionary relationship with humans. These views were opposed by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel, who was a propo
We challenge the view that our species, Homo sapiens, evolved within a single population and/or region of Africa. The chronology and physical diversity
In the African context, pan-African proponents value the role of gene flow among different contributing populations, which is neither compatible with
The recent and simple out-of-Africa (SOA) model proposed an expansion out of Africa in the past 100,000 yr from a single region in Africa. Testing these models
While it is now broadly accepted that Homo sapiens originated within Africa, considerable uncertainty surrounds specific models of divergence and
The pan-African model suggests multiple regional contributions to modern human evolution, while single-origin posits a major speciation event primarily in East Africa.
Single Origin claims that all ancestors of modern humans originated in Africa; they migrated outward and displaced other hominid populations throughout the world. Multiregional Continuity claims that our
OverviewFossil evidenceHistoryGenetic evidenceSee alsoFurther readingExternal links
Proponents of the multiregional hypothesis see regional continuity of certain morphological traits spanning the Pleistocene in different regions across the globe as evidence against a single replacement model from Africa. In general, three major regions are recognized: Europe, China, and Indonesia (often including Australia). Wolpoff cautions that the continuity in certain skeletal features in these regions should not b
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The debate between the **Out-of-Africa Theory** and the **Multiregional Model** reflects how science evolves— no single theory explains everything. Today, the consensus is a nuanced, hybrid
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