Ultra-high voltage technology and energy internet

The Ultra-High Voltage (UHV) Energy Internet is a global electricity network that uses UHV AC and DC transmission to connect clean energy sources with consumption centers across continents efficiently and sustainably.Overview of UHV TechnologyUltra-High Voltage (UHV) electricity transmission enables the transport of electricity over thousands of kilometers with minimal losses, supporting both AC (1,000 kV) and DC (±800 kV to ±1,100 kV) systems . UHV grids allow large-capacity, high-efficiency, low-loss, and safe power transmission, covering major clean energy bases and electricity-consuming areas globally . This technology is particularly effective in countries like China, where energy resources such as hydropower, wind, and solar are geographically distant from industrial and urban load centers .Role in the Global Energy InternetThe Global Energy Internet (GEI) is a modern energy system centered on electricity, integrating smart grids, UHV grids, and clean energy . Its goals include:Cross-border and cross-continental interconnection of power grids.Integration of renewable energy from remote generation sites to consumption centers.Shared and jointly managed energy resources to enhance global energy security and sustainability. China has pioneered UHV technology, building the world's largest UHV AC/DC hybrid grid, which has been applied internationally, including in Brazil . The GEI concept envisions a backbone grid connecting multiple continents, enabling a clean, reliable, and efficient global electricity network.Applications and ProjectsOnshore UHV Transmission: Projects like VoltXpanse in Great Britain explore UHV deployment for network reinforcement, reducing power losses and improving efficiency over decades .Subsea Interconnections: High-voltage subsea cables, such as the Great Sea Interconnector between Greece and Cyprus, transmit electricity across oceans, connecting isolated regions to stable, renewable energy sources . These cables can reach depths of 3,000 meters and lengths of 900 kilometers, demonstrating the scale and technological sophistication of UHV applications.China's National Grid: UHV transmission in China connects six regional grids, balancing energy production in the west and north with consumption in the east and central regions, facilitating renewable energy integration and reducing reliance on coal .Benefits of UHV Energy InternetReduced transmission losses over long distances.Large-scale integration of renewable energy, supporting carbon neutrality goals.Enhanced grid stability and safety, with smaller land footprint compared to conventional grids.Global energy sharing, enabling countries to access diverse energy sources and reduce fossil fuel dependence .Future OutlookThe UHV Energy Internet is a cornerstone for global energy transition, combining advanced transmission technology with renewable energy integration. Ongoing research focuses on higher voltage DC systems, improved subsea cables, and hybrid AC/DC networks, aiming to expand the reach and efficiency of the global energy network . This vision supports sustainable development, energy security, and international cooperation in clean energy deployment.